The Himalayan glaciers, which provide critical water resources to nearly two billion people, are melting at an alarming rate due to climate change, posing unpredictable and costly disasters for communities in the region. According to a report by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), the glaciers have disappeared 65 percent faster between 2011 and 2020 compared to the previous decade, surpassing scientists’ expectations.
Water Source for Billions
The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region’s glaciers play a vital role in supplying water to approximately 240 million people residing in mountainous areas and another 1.65 billion people in the river valleys downstream. According to the Nepal-based ICIMOD, the glaciers might lose up to 80% of their volume by the end of the century if current emission levels are maintained. This intergovernmental organization includes member countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan.
Global Impact
The glaciers in the HKH region feed ten of the world’s most significant river systems, including the Ganges, Indus, Yellow, Mekong, and Irrawaddy. These rivers directly or indirectly supply billions of people with essential resources such as food, energy, clean air, and income. Losing this cryosphere, or frozen zone, would have unimaginable consequences for the two billion people in Asia who rely on these water sources, warns ICIMOD’s deputy chief, Izabella Koziell.
Dire Predictions
Even if global warming is limited to the agreed-upon 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Celsius from pre-industrial levels, as stated in the Paris climate treaty, the glaciers are still expected to lose a significant portion of their volume by 2100. The peer-reviewed report indicates that they could lose between one-third to one-half of their current volume. Philippus Wester, the lead author of the study, emphasizes the urgent need for climate action and mitigation, stating that even small increments in temperature have enormous impacts on the glaciers.
The Call for Climate Action
Wester highlights the critical role of climate mitigation in addressing this issue. With advancements in technology and access to high-resolution satellite imagery, scientists can make more accurate predictions. The world has already experienced an average temperature increase of nearly 1.2 degrees Celsius since the mid-1800s, resulting in extreme weather events such as intense heatwaves, severe droughts, and more ferocious storms fueled by rising sea levels.
Disproportionate Impact
The adverse effects of climate change are most acutely felt by the world’s most vulnerable populations and poorest countries, despite their minimal contributions to global carbon emissions. Amina Maharjan, a livelihoods and migration specialist at ICIMOD, emphasizes that communities in the region lack the necessary support to cope with the challenges posed by climate change. She stresses the importance of anticipating changes and implementing proactive measures to mitigate the impact.
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As the Himalayan glaciers continue to melt at an alarming rate, it is crucial for governments, international organizations, and communities to prioritize climate action and adapt to the changing conditions. The consequences of losing these glaciers are far-reaching and demand immediate attention. By working together to reduce emissions and develop effective adaptation strategies, we can protect the invaluable water resources and ensure a sustainable future for the billions of people who depend on them.
